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Who is looking at what is behind the machine?

Reversing, with someone behind

It is 10:40 on the tipping floor. A loader fills its bucket, lifts the arm and starts to reverse in order to turn. Eight metres behind it, a worker on foot is looking at his phone. The reversing alarm has been sounding across the whole yard all morning, so nobody hears it any more. The driver is watching the right-hand mirror, which is where the problems have come from before.

3 cameras across 3 sectors

This is how you ask for it

«Tell me when a machine reverses and there is someone on foot in the same lane.»

A twenty-tonne machine reversing does not leave minor injuries. And what follows is not minor either: the machine impounded, the investigation, the site shut for days, the insurer, and a workforce that no longer wants to walk down that lane. On a quarry bench the version is different and just as expensive: a dumper reversing past the marked edge takes the lip of the bench with it and goes down too.

You decide once

The organisation decides once which lanes belong to machines and what happens next. If a machine reverses inside one of those lanes, and there is a person on foot in the same stretch, then the supervisor is alerted immediately, the camera opens and the video is kept. On the quarry bench the decision is written with a line instead of with people.

Reversing is the manoeuvre that runs over the most people inside a site, and not because anyone in particular was careless. The machine is big, the blind spot behind it is enormous, and the driver watches the side where danger has come from lately. Behind them is a person on foot who trusts they will be seen, because they always have been.

The reversing alarm ought to solve this, and it does the exact opposite. It sounds across the whole yard, all day, every time any machine moves backwards. Within a week the ear treats it like the noise of a fan: it is there and it means nothing. When there really is someone behind, that beep is indistinguishable from the four hundred beeps before it.

IRIS watches the whole lane from above, which is the view nobody has. It sees the machine reversing, it sees the person on foot, and it speaks up before the machine is on top of them. On a quarry bench it does not watch people, it watches a line: it alerts when the truck goes past the marked edge, before tipping. The alarm warns everyone, and that is why it warns nobody. A warning that only sounds when someone really is behind means something again.

What changes

Before, the only defence was the beeper and the mirror, and everything else was learned when someone mentioned it in the canteen. Now the supervisor gets the alert with the camera open and sees where everyone was in that second. And there is a count that did not exist: how often a reversing machine and a person on foot coincide, and in which lane.

Where we have seen it

  • Mid-morning on the quay. A ship is made fast and a mooring line runs from the bollard to the bow, tight over the water. Painted on the ground there is a rectangle with yellow stripes: the snap-back zone, where the rope would go if it parted. A worker is standing inside it, watching the operation. A colleague waits outside the stripes, which is where you are supposed to be. The rule is geometry: someone inside a painted rectangle while the line is working.

    CAM-450Someone is standing inside the snap-back zone

    «Tell me as soon as there is a person inside the painted snap-back zone while a mooring line is under load.»

    See this camera →Ports

  • Midday on the crest of the bench. A dump truck loaded with rock is reversing towards the lip: its wheels end up a step from the edge, on loose stone. On the left there is an unstable-edge sign, a cone and two striped barriers marking the line not to cross. Two people on foot are watching from the track. Below, on the lower bench, an excavator is working. IRIS sees where the vehicle is in relation to the marked edge.

    CAM-389A dump truck reversing to the very edge of the bench

    «Tell me when a truck reverses past the edge markers, before it tips.»

    See this camera →Industry

  • Late afternoon on the tipping yard. A wheel loader is reversing down the manoeuvring lane with a full bucket and both red rear lights on. A worker in a yellow vest is walking along that same lane, back turned, three metres from the rear wheel. From the cab he cannot be seen: he is in the blind spot. IRIS sees the machine moving backwards and the person on foot in the same lane, at the same time.

    CAM-430A loader is reversing and someone is walking behind it

    «Tell me when a machine reverses and there is someone on foot in the same lane.»

    See this camera →Industry

What it does not do

IRIS is not connected to the machine and does not know which gear it is in. It sees the vehicle’s movement in the image, it sees the person on foot and it sees the zone you have marked.

And it shares the driver’s blind spot: if the load or the chassis hides the person in the image, IRIS does not see them either. That is why where the camera looks from matters so much.

Questions

Do you have to connect IRIS to the machine?
No. IRIS sees that the machine is reversing from the movement in the image, just as a person on a walkway would. Nothing has to be fitted to the vehicle and nothing has to be wired into its electronics, and that is precisely what makes it usable across a fleet of different makes and ages. What the sentence asks for is the combination: a reversing machine and a person on foot in the same lane.
Does it work on the edge of a quarry bench?
Yes, though the rule takes a different shape there. Instead of watching people you watch a line: the marked edge. You ask IRIS to alert when a truck reverses past that line, before tipping. Because it is a line on the ground, you set it up by drawing it on the image rather than describing it in words: a line cannot be described in a sentence, it has to be traced.
Does it cover the snap-back zone of a mooring line on a quay?
Yes, and it is the same idea with different physics. When a line is under tension there is a painted strip where nobody should be, because if the line parts it sweeps that whole strip. You ask IRIS to alert as soon as a person is standing inside that zone while the mooring is working. Nobody stands there on purpose: they stand there because it is the short way to the gangway, which is why the alert has to land in that instant.
Does it replace the machine’s own reversing sensors?
No. On-board sensors warn the driver and are still needed, because they are in the cab and act in the moment. IRIS does something else: it watches the whole lane from above, sees what the driver cannot see and alerts whoever coordinates the yard, not only whoever is driving. It also leaves behind a count of how often this happens, which is what gets the lane laid out differently next month.

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Something has spilled

Tell me if there is liquid or foam outside its place and it is still there two minutes later.

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  2. Where it applies
  3. What it finds
  4. The same rule
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